Rothschild Banksters
“Give me the control over a nation’s currency and I don’t care who makes its laws!”
Mayer Amschel Rothschild (1743-1812)
Modern banking practices, including fractional-reserve banking and the issuance of banknotes and fiat currency emerged in the 17th Century. At the time, wealthy merchants began to store their gold with the goldsmiths of London who possessed private vaults and charged a fee for their service. In exchange for each deposit of precious metal, the goldsmiths issued receipts certifying the quantity and purity of the metal they held as a bailee; these receipts could not be assigned, only the original depositor could collect the stored goods utilizing an old Venetian banking trick established during the Crusades.
Gradually the goldsmiths began to lend the money out on behalf of the depositor, which led to the development of modern banking practices; promissory notes (which evolved into banknotes) were issued for money deposited as a loan to the goldsmith. These practices created a new kind of “money” that was actually debt, that is, goldsmiths’ debt rather than silver or gold coin, a commodity that had been regulated and controlled by the monarchy. This development required the acceptance in trade of the goldsmiths’ promissory notes, payable on demand. Acceptance in turn required a general belief that coin would be available; and a fractional reserve normally served this purpose. Acceptance also required that the holders of debt be able legally to enforce an unconditional right to payment; it required that the notes be negotiable instruments. The concept of negotiability had emerged slowly in European money markets, but it was well developed by the 17th Century. Nevertheless, an act of Parliament, in London, was required in 1704 to overrule court decisions holding that the goldsmiths’ notes, despite the “customs of merchants”, were not negotiable.
The first bank to begin the permanent issue of legal, government approved banknotes was the Bank of England in 1695. Initially hand-written and issued on deposit or as a loan, they promised to pay the bearer the value of the note on demand. By 1745, standardized printed notes ranging from £20 to £1,000 were being printed. Fully printed notes that didn’t require the name of the payee and the cashier’s signature first appeared in 1855.
With free-flowing fiat currency, and the trust of the people using that “fake money”, banking families dealt in everything from underwriting bonds to originating foreign loans facilitating trade growth, profiting from England’s emerging dominance in seaborne trade, and the greatest money-maker of all – war. Two Warlord Banking Families, Rothschild and Baring, established merchant banking firms in London in the late 18th Century and came to dominate world banking in the next century. Some argue that the central banks of the Rothschilds still dominate world wealth to this very day.
The Rothschild family pioneered international finance in the early 19th Century and even provided loans to the Bank of England and purchased government bonds in the stock markets. In 1804, Nathan Mayer Rothschild began to deal on the London stock exchange in financial instruments such as foreign bills and government securities. From 1809, Rothschild began to deal in gold bullion and developed this as a cornerstone of his business. His four brothers helped co-ordinate activities across the continent, and the family developed a network of agents, shippers, and couriers to transport gold and “intelligence” across Europe.
The Rothschild family was instrumental in supporting railway systems across the world and in complex government financing for projects as large as the Suez Canal. The Rothschilds financed the founding of De Beers, as well as Cecil Rhodes on his expeditions in Africa and the creation of the colony of Rhodesia. From 1919 to 2004 the Rothschilds’ Bank in London played a role as the source of the daily gold and silver price fixing. Through their network of intelligence, they gathered the prices of gold and silver and then set a “fair” price as the spot price for that day. Later, they even set the Liber price index to control banks. Through these Rothschild banks, corporations, gold and silver fraud, and the control of national currencies through Venetian style central banks, these Warlord Bankers helped start every war in modern times.
The Dutch House of Orange founded the Bank of Amsterdam in 1609 as the world’s first central bank. Prince William of Orange married into the English House of Windsor, taking King James II’s daughter Mary as his bride. The Orange Order Brotherhood, which fomented Northern Ireland Protestant violence, put William III on the English throne where he ruled both Holland and Britain. In 1694 William III teamed up with the UK aristocracy to launch the private Bank of England. The Rothschilds and their partners gradually came to control the Bank of England as well as the daily London gold “fixing” which occurred at the N. M. Rothschild Bank until 2004.
Mayer Amschel Rothschild sold the British government German Hessian mercenaries to fight against American Revolutionaries, diverting the proceeds to his brother Nathan in London, where N.M. (Nathan and Mayer) Rothschild & Sons was established. Mayer launched his fortune on money embezzled from William IX, the royal administrator of the Hesse-Kassel region. Rothschild-controlled Barings Bank, bankrolled the Chinese opium and African slave trades. It also financed the Louisiana Purchase. When several states defaulted on its loans, Barings bribed Daniel Webster to make speeches stressing the virtues of loan repayment. The states held their ground, so the House of Rothschild cut off the money spigot in 1842, plunging the US into a deep depression. It was often said that the wealth of the Rothschilds depended on the bankruptcy of nations. Mayer Amschel Rothschild once said, “I care not who controls a nation’s political affairs, so long as I control her currency.”
The House of Rothschild financed the Prussian War, the Crimean War and the British attempt to seize the Suez Canal from the French. Nathan Rothschild made a huge financial bet on Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo, while also funding the Duke of Wellington’s peninsular campaign against Napoleon. Both the Mexican War and the Civil War were goldmines for the family.
One Rothschild family biography mentions a London meeting where an “International Banking Syndicate” decided to pit the American North against the South as part of a “divide and conquer” strategy. German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck once stated, “The division of the United States into federations of equal force was decided long before the Civil War. These bankers were afraid that the United States would upset their financial domination over the world. The voice of the Rothschilds prevailed.” Family biographer Niall Ferguson notes a “substantial and unexplained gap” in private Rothschild correspondence between 1854-1860. He says all copies of outgoing letters written by the London Rothschilds during this Civil War period “were destroyed at the orders of successive partners.”
Mayer Rothschild’s sons were known as the Frankfurt Five. The eldest – Amschel – ran the family’s Frankfurt bank with his father, while Nathan ran London operations. Youngest son Jacob set up shop in Paris, while Salomon ran the Vienna branch and Karl was off to Naples. Author Frederick Morton estimates that by 1850 the Rothschilds were worth over $10 billion. Some researchers believe that their fortune today exceeds $100 trillion.
The Warburgs, Kuhn Loebs, Goldman Sachs, Schiffs and Rothschilds have intermarried into one big banking family. The Warburg family – which controls Deutsche Bank and BNP – tied up with the Rothschilds in 1814 in Hamburg, while Kuhn Loeb powerhouse Jacob Schiff shared quarters with Rothschilds in 1785. Schiff immigrated to America in 1865. He joined forces with Abraham Kuhn and married Solomon Loeb’s daughter. Loeb and Kuhn married each others’ sisters and the Kuhn Loeb dynasty was consummated. Felix Warburg married Jacob Schiff’s daughter. Two Goldman daughters married two sons of the Sachs family, creating Goldman Sachs. In 1806, Nathan Rothschild married the oldest daughter of Levi Barent Cohen, a leading financier in London. Thus, Merrill Lynch super-bull Abby Joseph Cohen and Clinton Secretary of Defense William Cohen are likely descended from Rothschilds.
Today, the Rothschilds control a far-flung financial empire, which includes majority stakes in most nationally owned or privately owned central banks. The Edmond de Rothschild clan owns the Banque Privee SA in Lugano, Switzerland and the Rothschild Bank AG of Zurich. The family of Jacob Rothschild owns the powerful Rothschild Italia in Milan. According to The New Federalist Newspaper (1994) in an article entitled, The Coming Fall of the House of Windsor by Henery Makow, the Rothschild’s are founding members of the exclusive $10 trillion Club of the Isles – which controls corporate giants Royal Dutch Shell, Imperial Chemical Industries, Lloyds of London, Unilever, Barclays, Lonrho, Rio Tinto Zinc, BHP Billiton, and Anglo-American DeBeers through a complex series of interlocking directorships. It dominates the world supply of petroleum, gold, diamonds, and many other vital raw materials. The Club of the Isles provides capital for George Soros’ Quantum Fund NV – which made a killing in 1998-99 destroying the currencies of Thailand, Indonesia, and Russia.
N. M. Rothschild & Sons was at the epicenter of the Bank of Credit & Commerce International (BCCI) scandal but escaped the limelight when a warehouse full of documents burned to the ground around the time Rothschild-controlled Bank of England shut BCCI down. Recent Rothschild endeavors include the backing of Russian oligarch Mikhail Khodorkovsky, control over Blackstone Group, and the takeover of giant Swiss oil trader Glencore.
Perhaps the largest repository for Rothschild wealth today is Rothschilds Continuation Holdings AG – a secretive Swiss-based bank holding company. By the late 1990s, scions of the Rothschild global empire were Barons Guy and Elie de Rothschild in France and Lord Jacob and Sir Evelyn Rothschild in Britain. Evelyn was chairman of the Economist and a director at DeBeers and IBM UK. Jacob took control of Khodorkovsky’s YUKOS oil shares just before the Russian government arrested him. In 2010, Jacob joined Rupert Murdoch (and others) in a shale oil extraction partnership in Israel through Genie Energy – a subsidiary of IDT Corporation.
AMERICA’S CRIMINAL BANKING SYSTEM
The Four Horsemen of Banking – Bank of America, JP Morgan Chase, Citigroup, and Wells Fargo – are among the top ten stockholders of virtually every Fortune 500 corporation. One important repository for the wealth of the global oligarchy that owns these banks is the US Trust Corporation – founded in 1853 and now owned by Bank of America. A recent US Trust Corporate Director and Honorary Trustee was Walter Rothschild. Other directors included Daniel Davison of JP Morgan Chase, Richard Tucker of Exxon Mobil, Daniel Roberts of Citigroup and Marshall Schwartz of Morgan Stanley.
Ten banks control all twelve Federal Reserve Bank branches. N.M. Rothschild of London, Rothschild Bank of Berlin, Warburg Bank of Hamburg, Warburg Bank of Amsterdam, Lehman Brothers of New York, Lazard Brothers of Paris, Kuhn Loeb Bank of New York, Israel Moses Seif Bank of Italy, Goldman Sachs of New York and JP Morgan Chase Bank of New York. Schauf lists William Rockefeller, Paul Warburg, Jacob Schiff and James Stillman as individuals who own large shares of the Fed. The Schiffs are insiders at Kuhn Loeb. The Stillmans are Citigroup insiders, who married into the Rockefeller clan at the turn of the century.
WHO OWNS THE U.S. FEDERAL RESERVE?
As an example of the power and control of a nation’s central bank we need only look at the US Federal Reserve – which is not owned by the US, is not Federal, and has no reserves. If we wish to understand who owns the US Federal Reserve, we might end up feeling very frustrated with the many opinions, conspiracy theories, speculations, and dead-ends that you will encounter before coming up with a clear answer.
The obfuscation, conflation, confabulation, and sheer ignorance concerning who ‘We the People of America’ owe $25 trillion to is staggering. Much of the true ownership of the U.S. Federal Reserve, and its twelve sister banks, can be found by researching the US Trust Corporation. Walter Rothschild was an initial director and trustee. Other directors included Daniel Davison of JP Morgan Chase, Richard Tucker of Exxon Mobil, Daniel Roberts of Citigroup, and Marshall Schwartz of Morgan Stanley.
It is said that 80% ownership of the New York Federal Reserve is held by just eight families: Goldman Sachs, Rockefellers, Lehmans and Kuhn Loebs of New York, the Rothschilds of Paris and London, the Warburgs of Hamburg, the Lazards of Paris, and the Israel Moses Seifs of Rome. All Jewish families except for the Rockefellers.
It is also known that ten banks control all twelve U.S. Federal Reserve Bank branches: N.M. Rothschild of London, Rothschild Bank of Berlin, Warburg Bank of Hamburg, Warburg Bank of Amsterdam, Lehman Brothers of New York, Lazard Brothers of Paris, Kuhn Loeb Bank of New York, Israel Moses Seif Bank of Italy, Goldman Sachs of New York, and JP Morgan Chase Bank of New York. Others point at major shareholders in the Federal Reserve system like: William Rockefeller, Paul Warburg, Jacob Schiff, James Stillman, and Kuhn Loeb. The Stillmans are Citigroup insiders, who married into the Rockefeller clan at the turn of the century.
WHO OWNS THE MILITARY INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX?
Now let’s look at the shareholders of the top military contractors for America, who we call the Corporate or Bankster Warlords, to see what connections they might have to the British Crown’s investments.
Vanguard Group, State Street Corp, Capital Research Global Investors, Templeton Investment Counsel LLC, Barclays Bank Plc, BlackRock Investment Management (UK) Ltd., Schroder Investment Management, Capital World Investors, Bank of America Corporation, JPMorgan Chase & Co., Bank of New York Mellon Corp, Black Rock Advisors, Black Rock Fund Advisors, Old Republic International, Wellington Management Company, BlackRock Institutional Trust Company, N. A., Evercore Trust Company, N. A., FMR, LLC, , Invesco Ltd., Franklin Resources, Goldman Sachs Group Inc., T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.
What is worth noting about this list is that you can find some of the usual suspects: Rothschilds, Rockefellers, Morgans, Warburgs, and the rest of the Bankster Warlords behind some of these names.
THE VANGUARD GROUP
Vanguard is the largest investor in companies that have the greatest number of U.S. military contracts. Vanguard is the “poster corporation” for the military industrial complex that sells war to both sides and profits double. Vanguard is also a criminal enterprise that has been sued many times and has avoided approximately $65 billion in taxes through spurious means. Vanguard is beyond a monopoly – they are the modern version of economic fascism.
Banks – Vanguard is the largest stockholder in JPMorgan, Bank of America, Blackrock, Citigroup, Deutsche Bank, Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley, Royal Bank of Canada, State Street Corp, UBS, Wells Fargo.
Telecom – Vanguard is the largest stockholder in AT&T, Verizon, CenturyLink, Frontier Communications, T-Mobile
Media – Vanguard is the largest stockholder in 21st Century Fox, ABC, CBS, CNN (Time Warner), Comcast (NBC), Disney, News Corp, Viacom.
Internet/Technology – Vanguard is the largest stockholder in IBM, Samsung, Canon, Intel, Google, Qualcomm, GE, Microsoft, LG Corp, Taiwan Semiconductor, Sony, Apple, Facebook, Amazon, Baidu ADR, Cisco, Dell/VMWare, Genentech, Juniper Networks, Netflix, Oracle, Twitter, Verisign, Visa, Wal-Mart, Xerox, Zynga.
Big Pharma – Vanguard is the largest stockholder in Abbott Labs, Abbvie, Amgen, Biogen, Bristol-Meyers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Gilead Sciences, Johnson & Johnson, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche.
Military – Vanguard is the largest shareholder in BAE Systems, Boeing, General Dynamics, Humana, L3 Communications, Lockheed-Martin (second largest), Northrop Grumman, Raytheon, United Technologies.
Corruption
Vanguard Healthcare LLC has agreed to pay more than $18 million to resolve a Medicare and Medicaid fraud case. The company billed Medicare and Medicaid for “grossly substandard” nursing home services. As a result, several Vanguard entities have reorganized in bankruptcy and agreed to pay more than $5.1 million toward the settlement. Two other company entities are liquidating in order to pay $13.5 million in allowed claims. The agreement has also ended a claim brought by the U.S. against Vanguard’s majority owner, CEO William Orand, and Mark Miller, the company’s former director of operations. The two parties will pay $250,000.
Three investors are suing Vanguard Group for alleged negligence and breach of fiduciary duty, saying that changes the company made to target-date retirement funds resulted in “massive tax bills” for individual investors. Their lawsuit, which is seeking class action status on behalf of customers who invested in Vanguard’s target retirement funds, is seeking compensation for “hundreds of millions of dollars” in harm to thousands of investors. The lawsuit says that changes Vanguard made benefited institutional investors but left individual investors with taxable accounts “holding the tax bag.” Approximately $1.8 trillion was invested in target-date mutual funds as of June 30, 2021, according to the Investment Company Institute. The investors’ lawsuit, which was filed March 14 in a federal court in Philadelphia, stems from changes Vanguard made in late 2020.
State Street Corporation was ordered in 2021 to pay $115 million in criminal penalties and enter into deferred prosecution agreement in connection with a scheme to overcharge custody customers for expenses related to the bank’s custody of client assets. The financial giant will be held accountable for fraudulent conduct and stealing $290 million.
THE BIG-THREE FUND MANAGERS
BlackRock, Vanguard, and State Street manage a stunning $15 trillion in combined assets, equivalent to more than three-quarters the size of the US economy. The rapid growth of the Big Three fund managers gives them enormous sway over financial markets and the priorities of Corporate America. Combined, BlackRock, State Street and Vanguard are the largest owner in 88% of the S&P 500 companies. For instance, the Big Three hold leading stakes in companies including Apple, JPMorgan Chase, and Pfizer. It is obvious we need to break up the Big Three by revamping Dodd-Frank, the 2010 Wall Street reform law.
BlackRock, the world’s largest asset manager, has a stake of at least 5% in a stunning 97.5% of the companies in the S&P 500. BlackRock manages more than $87 billion worth of shares in fossil fuel companies and is so powerful that the federal government has asked for its help during each of the past two recessions. In March, the Federal Reserve tapped BlackRock to manage a first-of-its kind vehicle to buy corporate debt, including junk bonds.
The Big Three are heavyweights in the ETF industry. BlackRock’s iShares platform alone managed $2.3 trillion by the 3Q of this 2020. State Street’s SPDR family of ETFs and Vanguard ETFs are also very popular. The Big Three are responsible for between 73% and 80% of the global ETF market and sponsor 45 of the 50 largest funds.
See the following link also:
https://thehardtruth.info/jewish-control-of-banking